COG

Creating Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF

Using Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF Files (COG) Examples.¶

We show how to read COG files with the rasterio Library for Python.

We will use the satsearch library for discovering and downloading publicly available satellite imagery using STAC compliant API.

STAC is the SpatioTemporal Assets Catalog specification that provides a common structure for describing and cataloging spatiotemporal assets.

A spatiotemporal asset is any file that represents information about the earth captured in a certain space and time.

References¶

• Abdishakur (2021) Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG) with Python. Medium (Spatial Data Science).
• Andrew Cutts (2021). STAC, COG, Python and QGIS. acgeospatial Blog.
• Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF
• STAC - SpatioTemporal Assets Catalog.

In [ ]:

# Install requirements
!pip install python-dateutil

# Install requirements !pip install python-dateutil

In [ ]:

# Install satsearch library

!pip install sat-search --quiet

# Please restart Runtime Environment after downloading

# Install satsearch library !pip install sat-search --quiet # Please restart Runtime Environment after downloading

In [ ]:

# Install the rasterio library 
!pip install rasterio --quiet

# Install the rasterio library !pip install rasterio --quiet

In [4]:

#!pip install gdalinfo

#!pip install gdalinfo

In [5]:

# Import necessary libraries 

from satsearch import Search
import rasterio as rio
from rasterio.plot import show
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Import necessary libraries from satsearch import Search import rasterio as rio from rasterio.plot import show import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Satsearch can take bounding boxes or GeoJSON like Polygon. So let us start with a simple bounding box. We are using the Element48 free Sentinel 2 data STAC API available in Amazon AWS for free, but you can use any public STAC API endpoint.

Example using BoundingBox coordinates.¶

In [46]:

bbox =  [ -111.94381713867186,
           34.36951139880403,
          -112.75680541992188,
           34.838604318634985]  

url = 'https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0'

bbox_search = Search(bbox=bbox,  url=url)

print('Query returned {} items'.format(bbox_search.found()))

bbox = [ -111.94381713867186, 34.36951139880403, -112.75680541992188, 34.838604318634985] url = 'https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0' bbox_search = Search(bbox=bbox, url=url) print('Query returned {} items'.format(bbox_search.found()))

Query returned 2217 items

You can limit the data with other parameters like dates and cloud coverage. So let us add these parameters to the query, by asking for images between January to February 2021, with less than 5% cloud coverage.

In [47]:

bbox_search = Search(bbox=bbox, datetime="2021-01-01/2021-02-01", 
                     query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, url=url)

print('Query returned {} items'.format(bbox_search.found()))

bbox_search = Search(bbox=bbox, datetime="2021-01-01/2021-02-01", query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, url=url) print('Query returned {} items'.format(bbox_search.found()))

Query returned 6 items

In [48]:

bbox_search = Search(
    bbox=bbox,
    datetime="2020-10-01/2021-02-01",
    query={"eo:cloud_cover": {"lt": 1}},
    collections=["sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs"],
    url=url,
)
items = bbox_search.items()

# Select first item
print(items[0].assets)

bbox_search = Search( bbox=bbox, datetime="2020-10-01/2021-02-01", query={"eo:cloud_cover": {"lt": 1}}, collections=["sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs"], url=url, ) items = bbox_search.items() # Select first item print(items[0].assets)

{'overview': {'proj:shape': [343, 343], 'proj:transform': [320, 0, 399960, 0, -320, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['overview'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.038, 'center_wavelength': 0.6645, 'name': 'B04', 'common_name': 'red'}, {'full_width_half_max': 0.045, 'center_wavelength': 0.56, 'name': 'B03', 'common_name': 'green'}, {'full_width_half_max': 0.098, 'center_wavelength': 0.4966, 'name': 'B02', 'common_name': 'blue'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/L2A_PVI.tif', 'title': 'True color image', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'thumbnail': {'roles': ['thumbnail'], 'href': 'https://roda.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-s2-l1c/tiles/12/S/VD/2021/1/27/0/preview.jpg', 'title': 'Thumbnail', 'type': 'image/png'}, 'metadata': {'roles': ['metadata'], 'href': 'https://roda.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-s2-l2a/tiles/12/S/VD/2021/1/27/0/metadata.xml', 'title': 'Original XML metadata', 'type': 'application/xml'}, 'B11': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.143, 'center_wavelength': 1.6137, 'name': 'B11', 'common_name': 'swir16'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B11.tif', 'title': 'Band 11 (swir16)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B01': {'proj:shape': [1830, 1830], 'proj:transform': [60, 0, 399960, 0, -60, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.027, 'center_wavelength': 0.4439, 'name': 'B01', 'common_name': 'coastal'}], 'gsd': 60, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B01.tif', 'title': 'Band 1 (coastal)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B12': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.242, 'center_wavelength': 2.22024, 'name': 'B12', 'common_name': 'swir22'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B12.tif', 'title': 'Band 12 (swir22)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B02': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.098, 'center_wavelength': 0.4966, 'name': 'B02', 'common_name': 'blue'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B02.tif', 'title': 'Band 2 (blue)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B03': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.045, 'center_wavelength': 0.56, 'name': 'B03', 'common_name': 'green'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B03.tif', 'title': 'Band 3 (green)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B04': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.038, 'center_wavelength': 0.6645, 'name': 'B04', 'common_name': 'red'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B04.tif', 'title': 'Band 4 (red)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'AOT': {'proj:shape': [1830, 1830], 'proj:transform': [60, 0, 399960, 0, -60, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/AOT.tif', 'title': 'Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B05': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.019, 'center_wavelength': 0.7039, 'name': 'B05'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B05.tif', 'title': 'Band 5', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B06': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.018, 'center_wavelength': 0.7402, 'name': 'B06'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B06.tif', 'title': 'Band 6', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B07': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.028, 'center_wavelength': 0.7825, 'name': 'B07'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B07.tif', 'title': 'Band 7', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B08': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.145, 'center_wavelength': 0.8351, 'name': 'B08', 'common_name': 'nir'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B08.tif', 'title': 'Band 8 (nir)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B8A': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.033, 'center_wavelength': 0.8648, 'name': 'B8A'}], 'gsd': 20, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B8A.tif', 'title': 'Band 8A', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'B09': {'proj:shape': [1830, 1830], 'proj:transform': [60, 0, 399960, 0, -60, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.026, 'center_wavelength': 0.945, 'name': 'B09'}], 'gsd': 60, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B09.tif', 'title': 'Band 9', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'WVP': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/WVP.tif', 'title': 'Water Vapour (WVP)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'visual': {'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 399960, 0, -10, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['overview'], 'eo:bands': [{'full_width_half_max': 0.038, 'center_wavelength': 0.6645, 'name': 'B04', 'common_name': 'red'}, {'full_width_half_max': 0.045, 'center_wavelength': 0.56, 'name': 'B03', 'common_name': 'green'}, {'full_width_half_max': 0.098, 'center_wavelength': 0.4966, 'name': 'B02', 'common_name': 'blue'}], 'gsd': 10, 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/TCI.tif', 'title': 'True color image', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'SCL': {'proj:shape': [5490, 5490], 'proj:transform': [20, 0, 399960, 0, -20, 3900000, 0, 0, 1], 'roles': ['data'], 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/SCL.tif', 'title': 'Scene Classification Map (SCL)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}, 'info': {'roles': ['metadata'], 'href': 'https://roda.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-s2-l2a/tiles/12/S/VD/2021/1/27/0/tileInfo.json', 'title': 'Original JSON metadata', 'type': 'application/json'}}

In the above results we search for the URL addresses for the B04 and B08 Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF bands, that needed for computing the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index).

Then we open and read the specific online COG files with the rasterio library to compute the NDVI.

In [49]:

# We can compute the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) using the red and near infrarred bands
# Read and open (B04 and B08) bands

#b4 = rio.open(items[0].asset(“red”)[“href”])
#b8 = rio.open(items[0].asset(“nir”)[“href”])

# Red band B04.tif
urlB04 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B04.tif'
# Near infrarred band B08.tif
urlB08 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B08.tif'
b4 = rio.open(urlB04)
b8 = rio.open(urlB08)

red = b4.read()
nir = b8.read()
# Calculate ndvi
ndvi = (nir.astype(float)-red.astype(float))/(nir+red)

# We can compute the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) using the red and near infrarred bands # Read and open (B04 and B08) bands #b4 = rio.open(items[0].asset(“red”)[“href”]) #b8 = rio.open(items[0].asset(“nir”)[“href”]) # Red band B04.tif urlB04 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B04.tif' # Near infrarred band B08.tif urlB08 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/VD/2021/1/S2A_12SVD_20210127_0_L2A/B08.tif' b4 = rio.open(urlB04) b8 = rio.open(urlB08) red = b4.read() nir = b8.read() # Calculate ndvi ndvi = (nir.astype(float)-red.astype(float))/(nir+red)

/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:17: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in true_divide

We display the NDVI visualization

In [50]:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,10))
#show(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000],cmap='RdYlGn', ax=ax)
plt.imshow(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000] ,cmap='RdYlGn')
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,10)) #show(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000],cmap='RdYlGn', ax=ax) plt.imshow(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000] ,cmap='RdYlGn') plt.colorbar() plt.show()

Example using GeoJSON¶

In [14]:

# Willl need geopandas
!pip install geopandas --quiet

# Willl need geopandas !pip install geopandas --quiet

     |████████████████████████████████| 1.0 MB 27.8 MB/s 
     |████████████████████████████████| 16.7 MB 59.0 MB/s 
     |████████████████████████████████| 6.3 MB 56.2 MB/s 

Case study: Catalina Mountains¶

We can use the tool geoson.io, to generate GeoJSON files for any desired study area. Here a Polygon is shown as the area of study.

We then saved the GeoJSON as map.geoson and uploaded to a Github.com repository, from where we will read the online geojson file.

Will read a GeoJSON file for this polygon, and use Geopandas to extract bounding box coordinates.

In [15]:

import geopandas as gpd

gdf = gpd.read_file('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/clizarraga-UAD7/Datasets/main/map.geoson')
bounds = gdf.bounds
print(bounds['minx'])
boundary = bounds.values.tolist()
print(boundary[0])

import geopandas as gpd gdf = gpd.read_file('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/clizarraga-UAD7/Datasets/main/map.geoson') bounds = gdf.bounds print(bounds['minx']) boundary = bounds.values.tolist() print(boundary[0])

0   -110.959854
Name: minx, dtype: float64
[-110.95985412597656, 32.312670050625805, -110.60691833496094, 32.47848770270873]

Using these cooordinates to Search the Sentinel 2 image catalog and select region.

In [16]:

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0')
print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0') print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

bbox search: 4322 items

THere are 4322 available images. We will filter out images between 2020-05-01 and 2020-07-30 with less than 5% of cloud cover.

In [17]:

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], datetime='2020-05-01/2020-07-30', 
                     query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, 
                url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0')
print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], datetime='2020-05-01/2020-07-30', query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0') print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

bbox search: 148 items

We have a nice set of 148 images that satisfy previous requirements.

In [18]:

items = search.items()
print('%s items' % len(items))
print('%s collections' % len(items._collections))
print(items._collections)

items = search.items() print('%s items' % len(items)) print('%s collections' % len(items._collections)) print(items._collections)

148 items
3 collections
[sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs, sentinel-s2-l2a, sentinel-s2-l1c]

We will work with the COG collection: sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs

In [33]:

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], datetime='2020-05-01/2020-07-30', collections=['sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs'], query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0')
print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

search = Search(bbox=boundary[0], datetime='2020-05-01/2020-07-30', collections=['sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs'], query={'eo:cloud_cover': {'lt': 5}}, url='https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v0') print('bbox search: %s items' % search.found())

bbox search: 49 items

We can analyze the images and select the date with no cloud cover

In [34]:

items = search.items()
print(items.summary(['date', 'id', 'eo:cloud_cover']))

items = search.items() print(items.summary(['date', 'id', 'eo:cloud_cover']))

Items (49):
date                      id                        eo:cloud_cover            
2020-07-28                S2A_12SVA_20200728_0_L2A  1.67                      
2020-07-28                S2A_12SVB_20200728_0_L2A  0.99                      
2020-07-18                S2A_12SWB_20200718_0_L2A  4.43                      
2020-07-08                S2A_12SVA_20200708_0_L2A  0.35                      
2020-07-08                S2A_12SWA_20200708_0_L2A  1.63                      
2020-07-08                S2A_12SVB_20200708_0_L2A  0.36                      
2020-07-08                S2A_12SWB_20200708_0_L2A  0.85                      
2020-07-03                S2B_12SVA_20200703_0_L2A  4.25                      
2020-07-03                S2B_12SWA_20200703_0_L2A  4.45                      
2020-06-28                S2A_12SVA_20200628_0_L2A  0.04                      
2020-06-28                S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-28                S2A_12SVB_20200628_0_L2A  0.04                      
2020-06-28                S2A_12SWB_20200628_0_L2A  0.55                      
2020-06-23                S2B_12SVA_20200623_0_L2A  0.03                      
2020-06-23                S2B_12SWA_20200623_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-23                S2B_12SVB_20200623_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-23                S2B_12SWB_20200623_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-18                S2A_12SVA_20200618_0_L2A  0.04                      
2020-06-18                S2A_12SWA_20200618_0_L2A  0.59                      
2020-06-18                S2A_12SVB_20200618_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-18                S2A_12SWB_20200618_0_L2A  0.55                      
2020-06-13                S2B_12SVA_20200613_0_L2A  0.02                      
2020-06-13                S2B_12SWA_20200613_0_L2A  3.78                      
2020-06-13                S2B_12SVB_20200613_0_L2A  4.65                      
2020-06-13                S2B_12SWB_20200613_0_L2A  1.4                       
2020-06-08                S2A_12SVA_20200608_0_L2A  0.03                      
2020-06-08                S2A_12SWA_20200608_0_L2A  0.03                      
2020-06-08                S2A_12SVB_20200608_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-08                S2A_12SWB_20200608_0_L2A  0.09                      
2020-06-03                S2B_12SVA_20200603_0_L2A  0.01                      
2020-06-03                S2B_12SWA_20200603_0_L2A  0.5                       
2020-06-03                S2B_12SVB_20200603_0_L2A  0                         
2020-06-03                S2B_12SWB_20200603_0_L2A  0.37                      
2020-05-29                S2A_12SVA_20200529_0_L2A  0.09                      
2020-05-29                S2A_12SWA_20200529_0_L2A  2.24                      
2020-05-29                S2A_12SVB_20200529_0_L2A  0                         
2020-05-29                S2A_12SWB_20200529_0_L2A  0                         
2020-05-24                S2B_12SVA_20200524_0_L2A  0.05                      
2020-05-24                S2B_12SWA_20200524_0_L2A  0.01                      
2020-05-24                S2B_12SVB_20200524_0_L2A  0                         
2020-05-24                S2B_12SWB_20200524_0_L2A  0                         
2020-05-19                S2A_12SVA_20200519_0_L2A  0.24                      
2020-05-19                S2A_12SWA_20200519_0_L2A  0.69                      
2020-05-19                S2A_12SVB_20200519_0_L2A  2.17                      
2020-05-19                S2A_12SWB_20200519_0_L2A  0.2                       
2020-05-04                S2B_12SVA_20200504_0_L2A  0.02                      
2020-05-04                S2B_12SWA_20200504_0_L2A  0.08                      
2020-05-04                S2B_12SVB_20200504_0_L2A  0.02                      
2020-05-04                S2B_12SWB_20200504_0_L2A  0.05                      

The image from 2020-06-28 (S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A= has 0 cloud cover. This is the 10th. image (start counting from 0)

In [36]:

print(type(items[10]))
print(items[10])

print(type(items[10])) print(items[10])

<class 'satstac.item.Item'>
S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A

In [ ]:

print(items[10].assets)

print(items[10].assets)

To compute the NDVI values, we need to download the Red and NIR bands.

In [40]:

print(items[10].asset('red'))
print(items[10].asset('nir'))

print(items[10].asset('red')) print(items[10].asset('nir'))

{'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 499980, 0, -10, 3600000, 0, 0, 1], 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B04.tif', 'title': 'Band 4 (red)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}
{'proj:shape': [10980, 10980], 'proj:transform': [10, 0, 499980, 0, -10, 3600000, 0, 0, 1], 'href': 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B08.tif', 'title': 'Band 8 (nir)', 'type': 'image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized'}

In [41]:

# Define files URLs
file_urlB04 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B04.tif'
file_urlB08 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B08.tif'

# Define files URLs file_urlB04 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B04.tif' file_urlB08 = 'https://sentinel-cogs.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/sentinel-s2-l2a-cogs/12/S/WA/2020/6/S2A_12SWA_20200628_0_L2A/B08.tif'

Now we are able of computing the NDVI value for each pixel in the study region

In [42]:

b4 = rio.open(file_urlB04)
b8 = rio.open(file_urlB08)

red = b4.read()
nir = b8.read()
# Calculate ndvi
ndvi = (nir.astype(float)-red.astype(float))/(nir+red)

b4 = rio.open(file_urlB04) b8 = rio.open(file_urlB08) red = b4.read() nir = b8.read() # Calculate ndvi ndvi = (nir.astype(float)-red.astype(float))/(nir+red)

/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/ipykernel_launcher.py:7: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in true_divide
  import sys

We can view a thumbnail of any of the bands, we select the Red band.

In [43]:

%matplotlib inline
import rasterio
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
with rasterio.open(file_urlB04) as src:
   # List of overviews from biggest to smallest
   oviews = src.overviews(1)
   # Retrieve the smallest thumbnail
   oview = oviews[-1]
   # NOTE this is using a 'decimated read' (http://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/resampling.html)
   thumbnail = src.read(1, out_shape=(1, int(src.height // oview), int(src.width // oview)))
plt.imshow(thumbnail)
plt.colorbar()

%matplotlib inline import rasterio import matplotlib.pyplot as plt with rasterio.open(file_urlB04) as src: # List of overviews from biggest to smallest oviews = src.overviews(1) # Retrieve the smallest thumbnail oview = oviews[-1] # NOTE this is using a 'decimated read' (http://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/resampling.html) thumbnail = src.read(1, out_shape=(1, int(src.height // oview), int(src.width // oview))) plt.imshow(thumbnail) plt.colorbar()

Out[43]:

<matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar at 0x7f08489e9910>

We can now show the NDVI fo the Catalina Mountains for 2020-06-28.

In [44]:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,10))
#show(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000],cmap='RdYlGn', ax=ax)
plt.imshow(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000] ,cmap='RdYlGn')
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12,10)) #show(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000],cmap='RdYlGn', ax=ax) plt.imshow(ndvi[0, 2000:6000, 4000:8000] ,cmap='RdYlGn') plt.colorbar() plt.show()

In [ ]:

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Last update: 2023-12-05